A major, yet largely unrecognized, source of plastic waste is absorbent hygiene products, which include child diapers, adult incontinence products and period products. These products contain substantial amounts of plastic, are materially complex and are socially engrained in essential hygiene and healthcare practices. Here we analyse the research priorities to create sustainable systems for absorbent hygiene product provision. The analysis is global and interdisciplinary in scope, addressing nuances in high- and low-income settings, and bringing together behaviour, material, technology, policy and economic challenges. We identify important opportunities for scientists to help avert the unfolding absorbent hygiene product crisis. Read paper here